Publications:

Green, D. M., Luce, R. D., & Smith, A. F.  (1980).  Individual magnitude estimates for various distributions of signal intensity.  Perception & Psychophysics, 27, 483-488.

Luce, R. D., Baird, J. C., Green, D. M., & Smith, A. F.  (1980).  Two classes of models for magnitude estimation.  Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 22, 121-148.

Green, D. M., & Smith, A. F.  (1982).  Detection of signals occurring at random times: Intensity and duration.  Perception & Psychophysics, 31, 117-127.

Luce, R. D., Nosofsky, R. M., Green, D. M., & Smith, A. F.  (1982).  The bow and sequential effects in absolute identification.  Perception & Psychophysics, 32, 397-408.

Farah, M. J., & Smith, A. F.  (1983).  Perceptual interference and facilitation with auditory imagery.  Perception & Psychophysics, 33, 475-478.

Green, D. M., Smith, A. F., & von Gierke, S. M.  (1983).  Choice reaction time with a random foreperiod.  Perception & Psychophysics, 34, 195-208.

Smith, A. F.  (1988).  Perceiving the client.  In D. C. Turk & P. Salovey (Eds.), Reasoning, inference, and judgment in clinical psychology: Theory, assessment, and practice (pp. 73-89).  New York: Free Press.

Smith, A. F.  (1991).  Cognitive processes in long-term dietary recall.  Vital and Health Statistics, Series 6, No. 4 (DHHS Publication No. PHS 92-1079).  Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Smith, A. F., Jobe, J. B., & Mingay, D. M.  (1991a).  Question-induced cognitive biases in reports of health-related behaviors.  Health Psychology, 10, 244-251.

Smith, A. F., Jobe, J. B., & Mingay, D. M.  (1991b).  Retrieval from memory of dietary information.  Applied Cognitive Psychology, 5, 269-296.

Li, X., & Smith, A. F.  (1992).  Unitary classification in a comparison task.  Perception & Psychophysics, 51, 257-266.

Salovey, P., Sieber, W. J., Smith, A. F., Turk, D. C., Jobe, J. B., & Willis, G. B.  (1992).  Reporting chronic pain episodes on health surveys.  Vital and Health Statistics, Series 6, No. 6 (DHHS Publication No. PHS 92-1081).  Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Smith, A. F.  (1992).  Perceptual representations of choice alternatives.  In B. Burns (Ed.), Percepts, concepts, and categories: The representation and processing of information (pp. 533-566).  Amsterdam: North Holland.

Smith, A. F., & Prentice, D. A.  (1992).  Exploratory data analysis.  In G. Keren & C. Lewis (Eds.), A handbook for data analysis in the behavioral sciences: Statistical issues (pp. 349-390). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Jobe, J. B., Tourangeau, R., & Smith, A. F.  (1993).  Contributions of survey research to the understanding of memory.  Applied Cognitive Psychology, 7, 567-584.

Salovey, P., Smith, A. F., Turk, D. C., Jobe, J. B., & Willis, G. B.  (1993).  The accuracy of memory for pain: Not so bad most of the time.  American Pain Society Journal, 2, 184-191.

Smith, A. F.  (1993).  Cognitive psychological issues of relevance to the validity of dietary reports.  European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 47, Suppl. 2, S6 - S18.

Smith, A. F., Salovey, P., Turk, D. C., Jobe, J. B., & Willis, G. B.  (1993).  Theoretical and methodological considerations in assessing memory for pain: A reply.  American Pain Society Journal, 2, 203-206.

Domel, S. B., Baranowski, T., Thompson, W. O., & Smith, A. F.  (1994).  How children remember what they have eaten.  Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 94, 1267-1272.

Smith, A. F, & Jobe, J. B.  (1994).  Validity of reports of long-term dietary memories: Data and a model.  In N. Schwarz & S. Sudman (Eds.), Autobiographical memories and the validity of retrospective reports (pp. 121-140).  New York: Springer.

Subar, A. F., Thompson, F. E., Smith, A. F., Jobe, J. B., Ziegler, R. G., Potischman, N., Schatzkin, A., Hartman, A., Swanson, C., Kruse, L., Hayes, R. B., Lewis, D. R., & Harlan, L. C.  (1995).  Improving food frequency questionnaires: A qualitative approach using cognitive interviewing.  Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 95, 781-788.  

Jobe, J. B., Keller, D. M., & Smith, A. F.  (1996).  Cognitive techniques in interviewing older people.  In N. Schwarz & S. Sudman (Eds.), Answering questions: Methodology for determining cognitive and communicative processes in survey research (pp. 197-219).  San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Allen, P. A., Smith, A. F., Jerge, K. A., & Vires-Collins, H.  (1997).  Age differences in mental multiplication: Evidence for peripheral but not central decrements.  Journals of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 52B, P81-P90.

Allen, P. A., Smith, A. F., Lien, M.-C., Weber, T. A., & Madden, D. J.  (1997).  Word frequency effects at brief exposure durations: Comment on Paap and Johansen (1994). Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 23, 1792-1797.

Salovey, P., & Smith, A. F.  (1997).  Memory for the experience of physical pain.  In N. L. Stein, P. A. Ornstein, B. Tversky, & C. Brainerd (Eds.), Memory for everyday and emotional events (pp. 295-314).  Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Allen, P. A., Kaufman, M., Smith, A. F., & Propper, R. E.  (1998).  Age differences in entropy: Primary versus secondary memory. Experimental Aging Research, 24, 307-336.

Allen, P. A., Kaufman, M., Smith, A. F., & Propper, R. E.  (1998).  A molar entropy model of age differences in spatial memory.  Psychology and Aging, 13, 501-518.

Allen, P. A., Smith, A. F., Vires-Collins, H., & Sperry, S.  (1998).  The psychological refractory period: Evidence for age differences in attentional time-sharing. Psychology and Aging, 13, 218-229.

Smith, A. F.  (1999).  Concerning the suitability of recordkeeping to validate and generalize about reports of health-related information.  Review of General Psychology, 3, 133-150.

Allen, P. A., Hall, R. J., Druley, J. A., Smith, A. F., Sander, R. E., & Murphy, M. D.  (2001). How shared are age-related influences on cognitive and non-cognitive variables?  Psychology and Aging, 16, 532-549.

Allen, P. A., Smith, A. F., Groth, K. E., Pickle, J., & Madden, D. J.  (2002).  Differential age effects for case and hue mixing in visual word recognition.  Psychology and Aging, 17, 622-635.

Reschovsky, J. D., Hargraves, J. L., & Smith, A. F.  (2002).  Consumer beliefs and health plan performance: It¿s not whether you are in an HMO, but whether you think you are.   Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law, 27, 353-377.

Thompson, F. E., Subar, A. F., Brown, C. C., Smith, A. F., Sharbaugh, C. O., Jobe, J. B., Mittl, B., Gibson, J. T., & Ziegler, R. G.  (2002).  Cognitive research enhances the accuracy of food frequency questionnaire reports: Results of an experimental validation study.  Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 102, 212-218, 223-225.

Thompson, F. E., Subar, A. F., Smith, A. F., Midthune, D., Radimer, K. L., Kahle, L. L., & Kipnis, V.  (2002).  Fruit and vegetable assessment: Performance of 2 new short instruments and a food frequency questionnaire.  Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 102, 1764-1772.

Baxter, S. D., Smith, A. F., Guinn, C. H., Thompson, W. O., Litaker, M. S., Baglio, M. L., Shaffer, N. M., Frye, F. H. A.  (2003).  Interview format influences the accuracy of children¿s dietary recalls validated with observations.  Nutrition Research, 23, 1537-1546.

Baxter, S. D., Thompson, W. O., Smith, A. F., Litaker, M. S., Yin, Z., Frye, F. H. A., Guinn, C. H., Baglio, M. L., & Shaffer, N. M.  (2003).  Reverse versus forward order reporting and the accuracy of fourth-graders¿ recalls of school breakfast and school lunch.  Preventive Medicine, 36, 601-614.

Baxter, S. D., Smith, A. F., Litaker, M. S., Baglio, M. L., Guinn, C. H., & Shaffer, N. M.  (2004).  Children¿s social desirability and dietary reports. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 36, 84-89.

Baxter, S. D., Smith, A. F., Litaker, M. S., Frye, F. H. A., Guinn, C. H., Baglio, M. L., & Shaffer, N. M.  (2004).  Recency affects reporting accuracy of children¿s dietary recalls.  Annals of Epidemiology, 14, 385-390.

Allen, P. A., Smith, A. F., Lien, M.-C., Grabbe, J., & Murphy, M. D.  (2005). Evidence for an activation locus of the word frequency effect in lexical decision.  Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 31, 713-721.

Baxter, S. D.,  Smith, A. F., Litaker, M. S., Guinn, C. H., Nichols, M. D., Miller, P. H., & Kipp, K.  (2006).  Body mass index, sex, interview protocol, and children¿s accuracy for reporting kilocalories observed eaten at school meals.  Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 106, 1656-1662.

Baxter, S. D., Royer, J. A., Hardin, J. W., Guinn, C. H., & Smith, A. F.  (2007).  Fourth-grade children are less accurate in reporting school breakfast than school lunch during 24-hour dietary recalls.  Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 39, 126-133.

Baxter, S. D., Smith, A. F., Hardin, J. W., & Nichols, M. D.  (2007).  Conclusions about children¿s reporting accuracy for energy and macronutrients over multiple interviews depend on the analytic approach for comparing reported information to reference information.  Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 107, 595-604.

Baxter, S. D., Smith, A. F., Nichols, M. D., & Hardin, J. W.  (2007).  Conventional energy and macronutrient variables distort the accuracy of children¿s dietary reports: Illustrative data from a validation study of effect of order prompts.  Preventive Medicine, 44, 34-41.

Smith, A. F., Baxter, S. D., Hardin, J. W., Guinn, C. H., Royer, J. A., & Litaker, M. S.  (2007). Validation-study conclusions from dietary reports by fourth-grade children observed eating school meals are generalisable to dietary reports by comparable children not observed.   Public Health Nutrition, 10, 1057-1066.

Smith, A. F., Baxter, S. D., Hardin, J. W., & Nichols, M. D.  (2007).  Conventional analyses of data from dietary validation studies may misestimate reporting accuracy: Illustration from a study of the effect of interview modality on children¿s reporting accuracy.  Public Health Nutrition, 10, 1247-1256.

Baxter, S. D., Hardin, J. W., Royer, J. A., Guinn, C. H., & Smith, A. F. (2008).  Children¿s recalls from five dietary-reporting validation studies: Intrusions in correctly reported and misreported options in school breakfast.  Appetite, 51, 489-500.

Baxter, S. D., Hardin, J. W., Royer, J. A., Guinn, C. H., & Smith, A. F.   (2008).  Insight into the origins of intrusions (reports of uneaten food items) in children¿s dietary recalls, based on data from a validation study of reporting accuracy over multiple recalls and school foodservice production records. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 108, 1305-1314.

Baxter, S. D., Hardin, J. W., Royer, J. A., Smith, A. F., & Guinn, C. H.   (2008).  Sources of intrusions in children¿s dietary recalls from a validation study of order prompts.  Journal of Health Psychology, 13, 1157-1162.

Baxter, S. D., Hardin, J. W., Smith, A. F., Royer, J. A., & Guinn, C. H.  (2008).  Children¿s dietary recalls from three validation studies: Types of intrusion vary with retention interval.  Applied Cognitive Psychology, 22, 1038-1061.

Guinn, C. H., Baxter, S. D., Hardin, J. W., Royer, J. A., & Smith, A. F. (2008). Intrusions in children¿s dietary recalls: The roles of body mass index, sex, race, interview protocol, and social desirability. Obesity, 16, 2169-2174.

Smith, A. F., Baxter, S. D., Hardin, J. W., Royer, J. A., & Guinn, C. H.  (2008). Some intrusions in dietary reports by fourth-grade children are based on specific memories: Data from a validation study of the effect of interview modality. Nutrition Research, 28, 600-608.

Allen, P. A., Smith, A. F., Lien, M.-C., Kaut, K., & Canfield, A. (2009). A multi-stream model of visual word recognition.  Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 71, 281-296.

Austin, A. W., Smith, A. F., & Patterson, S. (2009). Stress and dietary quality in black adolescents in a metropolitan area. Stress and Health, 25, 171-178.

Baxter, S. D., Guinn, C. H., Royer, J. A., Hardin, J. W., & Mackelprang, A. J., & Smith, A. F. (2009). Accuracy of children¿s school-breakfast reports and school-lunch reports (in 24-hour recalls) differs by retention interval. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 64, 1394-1403.

Baxter, S. D., Hardin, J. W., Guinn, C. H., Royer, J. A., Mackelprang, A. J., & Smith, A. F. (2009). Fourth-grade children¿s dietary recall accuracy is influenced by retention interval (target period and interview time). Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 109, 846-856.

Baxter, S. D., Hardin, J. W., Smith, A. F., Royer, J. A., Guinn, C. H., & Mackelprang, A. J.  (2009). Twenty-four hour dietary recalls by fourth-grade children were not influenced by observations of school meals. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 62, 878-885.

Baxter, S. D., Royer, J. A., Guinn, C. H., Hardin, J. W., & Smith, A. F.   (2009). Origins of intrusions in children¿s dietary recalls: Data from a validation study concerning retention interval and information from school foodservice production records. Public Health Nutrition, 12, 1569-1575.

Baxter, S. D., Guinn, C. H., Royer, J. A., Hardin, J. W., & Mackelprang, A. J., & Smith, A. F. (2010). Shortening the retention interval of 24-hour dietary recalls increases fourth-grade children'a accuracy for reporting energy and macronutrient intake at school meals. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 110, 1178-1188.

Guinn, C. H., Baxter, S. D., Royer, J. A., Hardin, J. W., Mackelprang, A. J., & Smith, A. F. (2010). Fourth-grade children's dietary recall accuracy for energy intake at school meals differs by social desirability and body mass index percentile in a study concerning retention interval. Journal of Health Psychology, 15, 505-514.

Smith, A. F. (2011). Validation studies of diets of children and adolescents [letter]. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 111, 1124-1125. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2011.06.014

Smith, A. F., Baxter, S. D., Hardin, J. W., Guinn, C. H., & Royer, J. A. (2011). Children¿s dietary reporting accuracy is related to cognitive ability. American Journal of Epidemiology, 173, 103-109. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwq334. PMCID: 3025643

Miller, P. H., Baxter, S. D., Hitchcock, D. B., Royer, J. A., Smith, A. F., & Guinn, C. H. (2014). Test-retest reliability of a short form of the Children's Social Desirability scale for nutrition and health-related research. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 46 (5), 423-428. doi: 10.1016/j.jneb.2013.11.002 PCMID: 4092045

Baxter, S. D., Smith, A. F., Guinn, C. H., Hitchcock, D. B., Puryear, M. P., Vaadi, K. K., & Finney, C. J.  (2015). Retention interval and prompts: Creation and cross-sectional pilot-testing of eight interview protocols to obtain 24-hour dietary recalls from fourth-grade children. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 115, 1291-1298.  doi:10.1016/j.jand.2014.12.010.  PMCID: 4516591.

Baxter, S. D., Smith, A. F., Hitchcock, D. B., Collins, K. L., Guinn, C. H., Finney, C. J., Royer, J. A., & Miller, P. H.  (2015).  Test-retest reliability of the National Health Examination Survey¿s 5-item food-insecurity questionnaire completed by fourth-grade children. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 47, 459-464. PMC4570025.

Baxter, S. D., Smith, A. F., Hitchcock, D. B., Guinn, C. H., Royer, J. A., Collins, K. L., Smith, A. L., Puryear, M. P., Vaadi, K. K., Finney, C. J., & Miller, P. H.  (2015).  Effectiveness of prompts on fourth-grade children¿s dietary recall accuracy depends on retention interval and varies by gender. Journal of Nutrition, 145, 2185-2192. PMC4548165.  [Awarded the ¿2016 First Author Publication Award¿ from the Research Dietetics Practice Group (RDPG) of the Academy of Nutrition and  Dietetics.]

Miller, P. H., Baxter, S. D., Royer, J. A., Hitchcock, D. B., Smith, A. F., Collins, K. L, Guinn, C. H., Smith, A. L., Puryear, M. P., Vaadi, K. K., & Finney, C. J.  (2015). Children¿s social desirability: Effects of test assessment mode. Personality and Individual Differences, 83, 85-90.  doi:10.1016/j.paid.2015.03.039.  PMC4392397.  

Baxter, S. D., Guinn, C. H., Smith, A. F., Hitchcock, D. B., Royer, J. A., Puryear, M. P., Collins, K. L., & Smith, A. L.  (2016).  Children¿s school-breakfast reports and school-lunch reports (in 24-hour dietary recalls): Conventional and reporting-error-sensitive measures show inconsistent accuracy results for retention interval and for breakfast location.  British Journal of Nutrition, 115, 1301-1315.  PMC2788046.

Baxter, S. D., Hitchcock, D. B., Royer, J. A., Smith, A. F., & Guinn, C. H.  (2016).  Fourth-grade children¿s reporting accuracy for amounts eaten at school-provided meals: Insight from a reporting-error-sensitive analytic approach applied to validation-study data.  Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 116, 1932-1941.  NIHMSID 813218

Smith, A. F., Baxter, S. D., Hitchcock, D. B., Finney, C. J., Royer, J. A., & Guinn, C. H. (2016).  Cognitive ability, social desirability, body mass index and socioeconomic status as correlates of fourth-grade children¿s dietary-reporting accuracy.  European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 70, 1028-1033.  NIHMSID 757213

Baxter, S. D., Guinn, C. H., Smith, A. F., Royer, J. A., & Hitchcock, D. B. (2017).  A need for empirical evidence concerning the accuracy of joint parent-child reports of children¿s dietary intake.  Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 117, 1731-1737.

Baxter, S. D., Hitchcock, D. B., Royer, J. A., Smith, A. F., & Guinn, C. H.  (2017).  Fourth-grade children¿s dietary reporting accuracy by meal component: Results from a validation study that manipulated retention interval and prompts.  Appetite, 113, 106-115.  PMC5391147

Baxter, S. D., Smith, A. F., Hitchcock, D. B., Collins, K. L., Guinn, C. H., Smith, A. L., & Finney, C. J.  (2018).  The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey¿s five-item food insecurity questionnaire completed by fourth-grade children: Effects of assessment mode (classroom versus interview).  Journal of Hunger and Environmental Nutrition, 13, 205-227.  NIHMSID898415.