Emerging Trends in Application of Phase Contrast MRI in Vascular Hemodynamics

Purpose of Review: This review examines recent technical and translational advances in phase-contrast magnetic resonance (PCMR) imaging, with a focus on the evolving role of 4D flow MR in vascular hemodynamics. It highlights developments from the past year that aim to improve spatial resolution, scan time, quantification accuracy, and clinical applicability. Recent Findings: Studies are using PCMR for novel clinical applications such as fetal blood flow imaging and increased use in quantifying pulmonary and carotid arterial flow. New approaches to uncertainty quantification aim to improve the reliability of flow-derived biomarkers. This review also covers the potential of AI-driven super-resolution and denoising methods to enhance image quality while reducing acquisition time. Summary: Continued innovation in PCMR methodology is critical for translating advanced hemodynamic imaging into clinical workflows. Harmonization of acquisition techniques, reproducibility, and robust quantification remain key priorities for future research.