Increasing the reliability of three-tier applications

In this paper we describe an infrastructure that provides increased reliability for three-tier applications, transparently, using commercial off-the-shelf application servers and database systems. In this infrastructure the application servers are actively replicated to protect the business logic processing. Replicating the transaction coordinator renders the two-phase commit protocol non-blocking and thus, avoids potentially long service disruptions caused by coordinator failure. A thin interpositioning library provides client-side automatic failover, so that clients know the outcome of their requests. The interaction between the application servers and the database servers is handled through replicated gateways that prevent duplicate requests from reaching the database servers. Aborted transactions, caused by process or communication faults, are automatically retried on the client's behalf.